RESURRECTION

OR

IMMORTALITY

 

 

ISBN 0-7414-4620-0

 

William Robert West

Author of ÒThe Rapture And IsraelÓ

ISBN 978-1452895352

 

 

Is "The Wages Of Sin Death"

 

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"Eternal Life With Torment In Hell"

 

 

 

An Immortal Soul and the Doctrine of Hell

 

 

 

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Foreword

     What does the Bible say about an immortal soul and/or spirit? Together soul and spirit are used almost 1,100 times in the King James Version, but not one time is immortal ever used in the same verse with either one. Immortal and immortality are in the Old Testament zero times, in the New Testament, immortal one time an immortality five times, all by Paul. What does he say?

  1. "Now unto the King eternal, immortal" [1 Timothy 1:17].
  2. Only God has immortality [1 Timothy 6:16].
  3. Christ "abolished death and brought life and immortality to light through the gospel" [2 Timothy 1:10].
  4. "To them (Christians) that...seek for glory and honor and immortality" [Romans 2:7].
  5. "This mortal must put on immortality" [1 Corinthians 15:53] at the resurrection.
  6. "This mortal shall have put on immortality" [1 Corinthians 15:54] after the resurrection.

     Why are we to "seek for" that which we are born with? Why will we "put on immortality" if the only part of us that will ever be immortal, has been immortal from birth (or before birth)? The fact that a person must "seek for...immortality" and immortality must be "put on" at the resurrection is conclusive proof that a person does not now have it. If Romans 2:7 and 1 Corinthians 15:53 teaches nothing more, it teaches that no part of a person now possess immortality.

     There are only two views that are commonly believed about what will happen to mankind after death. [One] That the soul of all will live forever and cannot die, the soul of the lost must exist somewhere for all the lost have eternal life and are not subject to the wages of sin which is death, or [Two] the wages of sin is death and the lost will die, they do not now have eternal life and never will.

  1. [One]. The belief that everyone has a soul in them that will live forever and cannot die, therefore, death is not the wages of sin. A person has something in them that cannot die, cannot ever be destroyed; ALL ARE BORN WITH ETERANL LIFE AND CAN NEVER DIE. This view has two major divisions.
  2. [Two]. That the wages of sin is death. The lost will die the second death; they will forever be destroyed. Those who do not believe this view gave it the name "annihilation." This name is not in the Bible, but what it means is eternal destruction, nevertheless, I think it best not to call Bible teaching by a name not in the Bible.

     If the soul or spirit were immortal and could never die or be dead, how could there be a resurrection of the dead? Do you believe in the resurrection of the dead? If yes, what do you believe will be resurrected? Will your dead body be raised from the dead or do you believe a soul that is not dead will be raised from the dead? When I first begin this study, I was surprised and made to tremble at how few believed in the resurrection and how many there are that do not really know what they believe about it. Many believe some part of themselves will instantly be transition from this world to Heaven or Hell at death without a resurrection, before the resurrection and Judgment Day and before the second coming of Christ, but when asked what is the reason for the resurrection, they not only do not know, but have never really thought about it. Death is looked at as being a doorway to life in another form, that death is not really death, and there is nowhere in their thoughts or in their faith for a resurrection for their theology says no one is really dead. The resurrection has been removed from the faith of many by today's theology that says some immortal part of a person will go to Heaven at the moment of death. BUT IS THERE ANY LIFE AFTER DEATH BEFORE THE SECOND COMING OF CHRIST AND THE RESURRECTION OF THE DEAD? Paul said at the resurrection, "This mortal must put on immortality," but if the soul is now immortal, then what is it that is now mortal that will put on immortality at the resurrection?

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Table of Contents

AN IMMORTAL SOUL OR RESURRECTION OF THE DEAD

By William West

CHAPTER ONE - The reinterpretation of the nature of man - what is man?

SOUL IN THE OLD TESTAMENT

1.       All four times in Genesis 1, soul [nehphesh] is used it is referring to animals, not to a person

2.       The same word is used for both man and animals in the same verse

3.       The "soul" and "eating of blood"

4.       Animals are "souls"

5.       The soul can be hungry, have an appetite, be thirsty, and eat meat

6.       If the soul can die, it cannot be immortal. Over 320 times the Bible says that the nehphesh [soul] can die, can be killed by man OR THAT IT IS ALREADY DEAD

7.       All the Old Testament words, which are translated spirit or soul, are all used referring to both man and animals

SOUL IN THE NEW TESTAMENT

1.       Passages in which soul means life and can die, be killed, can perish

2.       Passages in which soul is used referring to parts of the human body

3.       Passages in which soul is used referring to a number of people

4.       Passages in which soul applies to God or Christ

5.       Passages in which soul is used in symbolical language

6.       Passages in which soul or spirit is connected to the human mind

7.       The dying use of soul

8.       The soul is the earthly image of Adam

9.       The eighteen definitions of "spirit" given by Vine - Vine on psukee [SOUL] and pneuma [SPIRIT] Luke 8:55; Acts 7:59; Luke 24:37-39; 2 Corinthians 5:3-4; Hebrews 12:22-23

THE GREAT CONFUSION: Soul or spirit or both? Which one is immortal? Where did the idea of an immortal soul originate?

[1] Passages in which many use "spirit" as if it is the same as "soul"

1.       The spirits in prison

2.       "For the body apart from the spirit is dead"

[2] Passages in which many use "soul" as if it is the same as "spirit"

3.       Losing life [soul] or saving life [soul]

4.       "What shall a man give [not sell] in exchange for his life"? Does losing the soul save it?

5.       Soul required

6.       God is able to destroy both soul and body in Gehenna

7.       Souls under the altar

[3] Passages which do not have "spirit" or "soul" in them but are used to prove man has an immortal spirit or soul

1.       The theft on the cross

2.       To die is gain

3.       To depart and to be with the Lord

4.       House not made with hands

5.       In the body or out of the body

6.       The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob

7.       The transfiguration: a resurrection or a vision?

8.       God will bring with Christ

9.       "Everyone who lives and believes in Me shall never die"

10.   Matthew 25:46: What is eternal, the punishment or the punishing?

á          Matthew 25:46 may be the #1 proof text for Hell

á          Is the only difference may be in what the punishment will be?

á          Eternal: (1) Eternal judgment (2) Eternal redemption and eternal salvation (3) Eternal sin (4) Eternal fire (5) Eternal destruction (6) and eternal punishment

[3] Old Testament passages that are used to prove man has an immortal soul and/or spirit at birth

á          Made in God's image

á          The breath of life

á          A living being

á          Dying you shall die. If Hell were Adam's sentence

á          "Without my flesh shall I see God"

á          Shame and everlasting contempt

á          Please explain how a spirit in Hell has returned to God?

á          The spirit of beast

á          Life departing and returning

á          David's son

á          Gathered to his people

á          Samuel or a demon?

What does the Bible say about immortality of the soul?

THE MANY VIEWS OF "SOUL"

á          [1] The pagan view of reincarnation of the soul [2] The Catholic and Protestant view [3] The hades view [4] The Universalist view [5] The resurrection to immortal life on the restored earth [6] The Bible view

Historical Proof of the reinterpretation of the Bible

á          The view of the church father on death

á          Plato's immortal soul and Christ's resurrection are not compatible

An abridgment from Miles Grant's "Conditional Immortality" 1885

"It" or "me"

CHAPTER TWO: Life or Death

á          LIFE: The gift of God is eternal life but only to those in Christ: (1) Psukee life (2) Zoee life

á          DEATH: Salvation is from death, not from torment for those who cannot die (1) "Wages of sin is death" (2) The three steps to death (3) It is life or death, not reward or torment

á          The Bible is reinterpreted to teach that which cannot be

á          Wages of sin is death, or wages of sin is an eternal life of torment. It cannot be both

o    Life, Death, Die, Destruction, Destroy, Perish, Fire, Spiritual death, Sleep, Kills, The missing words

á          Lose his life must be reinterpreted to mean an everlasting life of torment

á          What the dead do not do

á          Unwilling to accept God's word

á          First resurrection, second death

á          Made alive at his coming, not instantly at death

á          The sting of death

á          Is death an enemy or a gateway to Heaven?

á          What will be destroyed?

á          Life has been reinterpreted to mean "reward" and death to mean "life with torment?"

á          Death to be abolished

á          If death is separation from God, is there life without God?

CHAPTER THREE: The reinterpretations of the great doctrines of the Bible

á          The reinterpretation of death of Christ: (a) Christ is our Passover (b) No atonement (c) No New Covenant (d) Makes Christ's death be inadequate

á          The reinterpretation of second coming of Christ

á          The reinterpretation of resurrection of the dead from the grave

á          The reinterpretation of the wages of sin

á          The reinterpretation of the judgment day

á          The reinterpretation of death to be eternal life in Heaven or eternal life in Hell

á          The reinterpretation of asleep: Are the dead asleep or awake? (a)

á          Gathered to his people (b) The state of the dead (c) The awakening, wakening up at the resurrection

á          The reinterpretation of Christ promised life to them that obey him

á          The reinterpretation of resurrection makes believing in the resurrection foolishness

á          Unconditional immortality

o    Two very different Gospels: Two incompatible beliefs

o    The silence of the Bible

o    How are the dead raised and with what kind of body?

o    Makes 1 Corinthians 15 impossible

o    The resurrection of our earthly body makes God's word a lie

o    Makes tree of life not needed

o    Makes the Bible contradict the Bible

o    It maybe a delusion to some

o    Makes modern spiritualism possible

o    Makes some believe in after death experiences, and makes them believable to many

o    Reduces God and all spirit beings to being nothing but "mind"

CHAPTER FOUR: From where came Hell?

á          GEHENNA IS THE NAME OF A VALLEY

á          THE WORM AND UNQUENCHABLE FIRE OF GEHENNA

á          THE OLD TESTAMENT HISTORY OF GEHENNA, A PLACE ON THIS EARTH

á          THE FOUR OCCASIONS CHRIST USED GEHENNA

o    First occasion, in the Sermon on the Mount

¤   The five "You have heard" and the three crimes

o    Second occasion, in a lesson to the twelve disciples

¤   "God is able to destroy both soul and body"

o    Third occasion, in another lesson to His disciples.

¤   "If your eye causes you to stumble"

o    Fourth occasion, to the Scribes and Pharisees

¤   "Sons of GehennaÉ Judgment of Gehenna"

o    And one by James to the twelve tribes

á          THE VANISHING HELL

á          TWENTH-FOUR PLUS VERSIONS OF HELL

THREE CATHOLIC VERSIONS OF HELL

1.       The Dark Age Catholic version of Hell

2.       The New Catholic version of Hell

3.       Nether World

SOME OF THE MANY DIVISIONS OF THE PROTESTANT VERSIONS OF HELL

1.       The Calvin version of Hell

2.       The Jonathan Edwards version

3.       The Graphic view of Hell

4.       Satan doing the tormenting

5.       God doing the tormenting

6.       The Metaphorical view of both Heaven and Hell

7.       Billy Graham - mental anguish only Hell

8.       C. S Lewis - the almost pleasant Hell

9.       Protestant Traditionalist

10.   Many Protestant Premillennial versions

11.   Realized Eschatology – A. D. 70 version

12.   Protestant Rephaim version

EIGHT OTHER VERSIONS OF HELL

1.       Church of Christ, Christian Church - AbrahamÕs bosom after Judgment Hell, A newer version

2.       Edward Fudge version -the short Hell

3.       Christadelphians version

4.       Church of God and others

5.       Universalist version of Hell

6.       Seventh-Day Advent version

7.       Latter-day Saints version [Mormons]

8.       The Grave is Hell version [Jehovah's Witnesses]

NO BIBLE HELL

á          WHICH HELL DO YOU BELIEVE IN?

á          FROM WHERE DID HELL COME?

á          How Hell was put into and is being kept in the Bible

CHAPTER FIVE: Sheol, Hades and Tartarus

á          SHEOL in the Old Testament

o    Puts all man kind in Hell

o    Made a resurrection from Hell

o    Those in Hell completely unconscious

á          WHERE ARE THE DEAD?

á          HADES in the New Testament

á          GEHENNA

á          TARTARUS

CHAPTER SIX: Sheol in the Old Testament, hades in the New Testament

THE WAY SHEOL IS TRANSLATED IN THE KING JAME VERSION

[1] Down into a pit in the earth (in 3 passages)

[2] Nations in sheol (in 18 passages)

á          Nations in the grave in 4 passages

á          Nations in Hell in 14 passages

[3] Individual in sheol (in 17 passages)

á          The good in the grave in 10 passages

á          The bad in the grave in 7 passages

[4] Both the good and bad together in sheol (in 12 passages)

á          The good and bad in the grave together in 10 passages

á          The good and bad in Hell together in 2 passages

[5] Both the good and bad in sheol (in 15 passages)

á          The good in Hell in 7 passages

á          The bad in Hell. In only 8 of the 65 passages that have sheol

HADES IS USED ELEVEN TIMES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT

[1] That has reference to the death of Christ (3 passages)

[2] That has reference to death (1 passages)

[3] That has reference to the destruction of cities or countries (2 passages)

[4] The symbolical passages (5 passages)

CHAPTER SEVEN: A strange and unexplainable silence: The reinterpreting of life, death, torment, destruction, destroy, perish, die, and end.

The silence of the Old Testament on punishment after death: (1) Adam

(2) Cain (3) the flood (4) the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah (5) From Adam to Moses (6) the Law of Moses (7) all these blessing (8) all these cursing (9) the silence of God concerning Hell in the Old Testament

á          The silence of the New Testament on punishment after death

á          God was not silence on the fate of the lost

o    Death: the big problem for unconditional immoralists

¤   Some of the none symbolic Greek words used to describe the fate of the lost

¤   Two views of 2 Thessalonians 1:9

¤   Destruction has been changed to exist

¤   "Passes awayÉ abides forever"

¤   The devouring, consuming, destroying fire

á          How fire is used in the Old Testament, to consume never to torment

á          Wrath of God: (1) on the sinner now in this life (2) "in the Day of Judgment" (3) after the judgment

á          The types of the judgment: The flood, Sodom and Gomorrah

o    Will there be degrees of punishment in Hell?

o    When are cities and nations judged? When is their day of judgment to be?

á          The nothing can be destroyed argument

á          The justice of God

CHAPTER EIGHT: The interpretation of figurative language, metaphors, and symbolical passage

  1. ISRAEL'S DESTRUCTION, her weeping, gnashing of teeth, outer darkness, Matthew 24

á          Preterits Eschatology - Realized Eschatology - The A. D. 70 Doctrine

á          The day of the Lord

á          2 Peter 3

  1. THE RICH MAN AND LAZARUS The intermediate bosom
  2. THE SYMBOLICAL PICTURES OF REVELATION VERSUS A LITERAL INTERPRETATION

á          Souls under the altar

á          The smoke of their torment goes up forever and ever

á          The Lake of Fire

  1. FOREVER AND EVER of the King James Version
  2. ETERNAL

CHAPTER NINE: Universalist: The "age lasting" Hell

á          Their big problems:

o    Universalist must prove that all men are now immortal, or all will be made immortal

o    The death penalty problem

o    The Hell problem

á          Universalist teaching of "all" will be saved. Their use of "all"

CHAPTER TEN: The results of attributing evil Pagan teachings to God.

á          This God slandering doctrine of Hell makes God evil, cruel, sadistic, and fiendish

á          The fate of those who are not in Christ. The fate of those who are in Christ

á          Seek the things above

á          We now bear the image of the earthly [Adam] we shall bear the image of the heavenly [Christ]

á          An eternity in Heaven or on earth?

á          God has spoken in the clearest way that is possible with human language

YOU ARE NOW AT CHAPTER ONE

Chapter 2 is at: http://robertwr.com/life.html

Chapter 3 is at: http://robertwr.com/immortal.html

Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7 are at: http://robertwr.com/hell.html

Chapters 8, 9, 10 are at: http://robertwr.com/heaven.html

1.       A FREE pdf COPY OF THIS E-BOOK, All ten chapters above can be downloaded from http://robertwr.com/resurrection.pdf  

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CHAPTER ONE - What Is Man?

 

     What is a man? Is a person born with an immortal soul, or do the saved put on immortality at the resurrection? Is he a three part being, an animal body with both a soul and a spirit that will live without the body? This is one of the most important questions of all time. It has more influence on our conception of our nature, our view of life in this world and life after death than any other question.

     Soul [nehphesh] in the Old Testament: (Strong spells it "nehpesh" Hebrew word #5315). If ÒsoulÓ were an immortal "immaterial, invisible part of man" (Vine), why is this Hebrew word that is translated soul also translated "living creature" when it is speaking of animals in Genesis 1:21; 1:24; 2:19; 9:10; 9:12; 9:15; 9:16 when the same Hebrew word [nehphesh] is translated "living soul" in Genesis 2:7 when it is speaking of a person? In the Hebrew, if this were an immaterial, immortal part of a person, it would also be an immaterial, immortal part of animals.

     [1] Genesis 1:20 "life" [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals] "Let the waters swarm with swarms of living creatures" [soul - nehphesh] (American Standard Version) "The moving creature that has life" (footnote in KJV).

     [2] Genesis 1:21 "living creature" [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals] "And God created the great sea-monsters, and every living creature [soul - nehphesh] that moves wherewith the water swarmed.Ó

     [3] Genesis 1:24 "living creature" [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals] "And God said, Let the earth bring forth living creatures [soul - nehphesh] after their kind, cattle, and creeping things, and beasts of the earth."

     [4] Genesis 1:30 "life" [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals] "And to every beast of the earth, and to every bird of the heavens, and to everything that creeps upon the earth, wherein there is life" [soul - nehphesh]. Animals are "a living soul."

     ALL FOUR TIMES THAT SOUL [nehphesh] IS USED IN GENESIS ONE, IT IS USED REFERRING TO ANIMALS, NOT TO A PERSON. ANIMALS WERE SOULS BEFORE ANY MAN EXISTED. "Then God said, 'Let the waters teem with swarms of LIVING SOULS [soul - nehpheshs], and let birds fly above the earth in the open expanse of the heavens.' And God created the great sea monsters, and every LIVING SOUL [soul - nehphesh] that moves with which the waters swarmed after their kind, and every winged bird after its kind; and God saw that it was good. And God blessed them, saying, 'Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let birds multiply on the earth.' And there was evening and there was morning, a fifth day. Then God said, 'Let the earth bring forth LIVING SOULS [soul - nehpheshs] after their kind: cattle and creeping thing and beasts of the earth after their kind'; and it was so...and to every beast of the earth, and to every fowl of the air, and to everything that creeps upon the earth, wherein there is LIFE [soul - nehphesh], I have given every green herb for meat" [Genesis 1:20-30]. ÒLiving creatures" [soul - nehphesh] is used to describe all living things on earth, animals, birds, fish, people; not eternal life or some immaterial invisible part of them that is eternal.

     [5] Genesis 2:7 "A living soul" [soul - nehphesh, used referring to a person]. The first time the King James Version translated nehphesh into "soul," most other translations did not agree with it, not even the New King James Version. "Man became a living being" New King James Version.

á          ÒA living creature" [nehphesh] Genesis 1:20

á          ÒA living creature" [nehphesh] Genesis 1:21

á          ÒA living creature" [nehphesh] Genesis 1:24

á          ÒWherein there is life" [nehphesh] Genesis 1:30

á          ÒA living soul" [nehphesh] Genesis 2:7

o    It is obvious that the translators translated according to a preconceived opinion in an attempt keep animals from having souls.

Man became:

     The first time nehphesh is used referring to a person, most translations apply it to the living breathing being or person, not to an invisible inter part of a person. ADAM BEING SPOKEN OF AS A "LIVING BEING" [nehphesh] PROVES HE WAS MORTAL, NOT IMMORTAL, JUST AS ALL "LIVING BEINGS" [nehphesh] ARE MORTAL, NOT IMMORTAL. HOW CAN THIS BE ONE OF THE PROOF TEXTS USED TO PROVE ADAM WAS MADE WITH AN IMMORTAL SOUL? IF IT PROVES ADAM HAD AN IMMORTAL SOUL, THEN IT PROVES THAT FISH HAVE AN IMMORTAL SOUL THAT CANNOT DIE.

     ÒThen the Lord God formed man of dust from the ground, and breathe into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living beingÓ The phrase  Òbreath of lifeÓ that was breathed into man was the same Hebrew Òbreath of lifeÓ in Genesis 7:21-22 that was in the nostrils of birds, cattle, men and beasts. It is not a soul that men have but animals do not have; it does not say that God breathed into Adam an immortal soul; the breathless body that God made from the earth is what became a living breathing being [nshahmah]. God did not tell Adam he had a body that was made from the earth but the real Adam was made of something not from the earth.

á          ÒBreathed into his nostrils the breath of life [nshahmah]Ó man [Genesis 2:7]

á          All in whose nostrils was the breath of life [nshahmah]Ó both man and animals [Genesis 7:22]

á          ÒSaved alive nothing that breaths [nshahmah]Ó both men and animals [Deuteronomy 20:16]

á          ÒUtterly destroyed all that breaths [nshahmah]Ó both men and animals [Joshua 10:40]

á          ÒThere was not any left to breaths [nshahmah]Ó both men and animals [Joshua 11:11]

á          ÒNeither left they any to breathe [nshahmah]Ó both men and animals [Joshua 11:14]

o    Why was one word [Nshahmah] translated with three words, then with only one word?

[6] Genesis 2:19 "living creature" [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals], "Every beast...every bird...whatsoever the man called every living creature [soul - nshahmah], that was the name thereof"

[7] Genesis 9:4 "life" [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals]

[8] Genesis 9:5 "lives" [soul - nehphesh, used referring to man]

[9] Genesis 9:5 "life" [soul - nehphesh, used referring to man]

[10] Genesis 9:10 "living creature" [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals]

[11] Genesis 9:12 "living creature" [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals]

[12] Genesis 9:15 "living creature" [soul - nehphesh, used referring to man and animals]

[13] Genesis 9:16 "living creature" [soul - nehphesh, used referring to man and animals]

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A birdÕs eye view of the translation of nehphesh in the first nine chapters.

1.       ÒA living creature" [nehphesh] Genesis 1:20 - animals

2.        ÒA living creature" [nehphesh] Genesis 1:21- animals

3.       ÒA living creature" [nehphesh] Genesis 1:24 - animals

4.       ÒWherein there is life" [soul - nehphesh] Genesis 1:30 - animals

5.       ÒA living soul" [nehphesh] Genesis 2:7 - man

6.       ÒA living creature" [nehphesh] Genesis 2:19 – animals

7.       ÒLife" [nehphesh] Genesis 9:4 - animals

8.       ÒLivesÓ [nehphesh] Genesis 9:5 - man

9.       ÒLife" [nehphesh] Genesis 9:5 - man

10.   ÒLiving creature" [nehphesh] Genesis 9:10 - animals

11.   ÒLiving creature" [nehphesh] Genesis 9:12 - animals

12.   ÒLiving creature" [nehphesh] Genesis 9:15 - man and animals

13.   ÒLiving creature" [nehphesh] Genesis 9:16 - man and animals

This is an example of men attempting to cover up the truth when it is contradictory to their theology. It takes a lot of preconceived theology to make nehphesh be an immaterial invisible no substance something in man that is not in animals when it is not deliberately hid as it is in the King James Version.

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IN GENESIS 9:4-16 THE SAME WORD IS USED FOR BOTH MAN AND ANIMALS SEVEN TIMES IN THE SAME PASSAGE.

á          To animals five times, to man four times

o     THREE TIMES TO ANIMALS ALONE

o     TWO TIMES TO ANIMALS AND MAN TOGETHER

o     TWO TIMES TO MAN ALONE

     "But flesh with the LIFE [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals] thereof, which is the blood thereof, shall you not eat. And surely your blood, the blood of your LIVES [soul - nehphesh, used referring to man], will I require; at the hand of every beast will I require it: and at the hand of men, even at the hand of every man's brother, will I require the LIFE [soul - nehphesh, used referring to man] of man. Whoso sheds man's blood, by man shall his blood be shed, for in the image of God made He men. And you, be you fruitful, and multiply; bring forth abundantly in the earth, and multiply therein. And God spoke unto Noah, and to his sons with him, saying, And I, behold, I establish my covenant with you and with your seed after you; And every LIVING CREATURE [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals] that is with you, of the fowl, and the cattle, and of every beast of the earth with you; from all that go out of the ark, to every beast of the earth. And I will establish my covenant with you; neither shall the waters of a flood cut off all flesh be any more; neither shall there any more be a flood to destroy the earth. And God said, This is the token of the covenant which I make between me and you and every LIVING CREATURE [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals] that is with you, for perpetual generation: I do set my bow in the cloud, and it shall be a token of a covenant between me and the earth. And it shall come to pass, when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the bow shall be seen in the cloud: And I will remember my covenant, which is between me and you and every LIVING CREATURE [soul - nehphesh, used referring to man and animals] of all flesh; and the waters shall no more become a flood to destroy all flesh. And the bow shall be in the cloud; and I will look upon it, that I may remember the everlasting covenant between God and every LIVING CREATURE [soul - nehphesh, used referring to man and animals] of all flesh that is upon the earth."

All four times that soul [nehphesh] is used in Genesis 1; it is referring to animals, not to a person. IN TEN OF THE FIRST THIRTEEN TIMES SOUL [NEHPHESH] IS USED IT IS USED REFERRING TO ANIMALS, but the King James Version hides this by using different words, and most who read the King James Version never know it. NEHPHESH IS TRANSLATED "SOUL" ONLY ONE TIME OF THE FIRST THIRTEEN TIMES IT IS USED in the King James Version; but it is not translated "soul" in any of the first thirteen times it is used in the New King James Version, New American Standard Version, New Revised Standard Version, or New International Version. Mankind has the same soul [life - nehphesh] as the other "living creatures." He does not differ from other living creatures [soul - nehphesh] by having a soul [nehphesh] that cannot die. His dominion over other living creatures [Other nehpheshs - souls] is not his nehphesh.

     Mike Willis says expositors have generally appealed to Genesis 2:7 to prove that all men are born with and now have immortal spirits. However, in 1 Corinthians 15:45, Paul has clearly expounded the meaning of the Hebrew words nehphesh, chayyah. "The living soul" of Genesis 2:7 is the natural body of this passage. He says this corresponds with the book of Genesis itself because the same construction is used in Genesis 1:24 to describe animals. When Moses recorded that God breathed into man's nostrils the breath of life and he became a living soul, what the writer of Genesis was saying was that the dust of the earth began to have animal life and does not prove that a person has an immortal spirit (soul); rather it states that a person has animal life. All men possess animal life through Adam. A Commentary On Paul's First Epistle To the Corinthians, Page 578, 1979. For one who knows the Bible as he does and believes a person has an immortal soul, yet says, the living soul of Genesis 2:7 is the natural body, proves beyond doubt that a living soul is not an immortal inter part of a person.

     Guy N. Woods says the first time in Genesis 1:20 the word soul is used is from the Hebrew nehphesh where it is assigned to fish, birds, and creeping things. He says it is clear that the soul in these passages does not refer to anything peculiar to the constitution of man, but it signifies, as its usage denotes, and the lexicons affirm, any creature that breathes. "What Is The Soul Of Man," Gospel Advocate, 1985, Number 21.

     Adam Clarke "Nephesh clayyah; a general term to express all creatures endued with animal life, in any of its infinitely varied gradations, from the half reasoning elephant down to the stupid potto, or lower still, to the polype, which seems equally to share the vegetable and animal life."

     IN THE FIRST NINE CHAPTERS OF GENESIS SOUL [nehphesh] IS THE ANIMAL LIFE, WHICH BOTH A PERSON AND ANIMALS HAVE IN COMMON. HOW DID THE TRANSLATORS KNOW WHEN IT CHANGED TO AN INVISIBLE INTER IMMORTAL PART OF A PERSON, WHICH ANIMALS DO NOT HAVE?

[14] Genesis 12:5 "And the people [soul - nehphesh] whom they had acquired" New King James Version ["soul" in King James Version].

[15] Genesis 12:13 "That I [soul - nehphesh] may live because of you" New King James Version ["soul" in King James Version].

[16] Genesis 14:21 "Give me the persons [soul - nehphesh] and take the goods" King James Version.

[17] Genesis 17:14 "That person [soul - nehphesh] shall be cut off" New King James Version.

[18] Genesis 19:17 "Escape for your life [soul - nehphesh]" King James Version.

[19] Genesis 19:19 "Saving my life [soul - nehphesh]" King James Version.

     IN THE FIRST NINETEEN TIMES NEHPHESH IS USED IT IS TRANSLATED SOUL

¤   ONLY THREE TIMES IN THE KING JAMES VERSION

¤   NONE IN THE NEW KING JAMES VERSION

¤   NONE IN THE NEW AMERICAN STANDARD VERSION

¤   NONE IN THE NEW REVISED STANDARD VERSION

¤   NONE IN THE NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION.

[20] Genesis 19:20 "That my life [soul - nehphesh] may be saved" New American Standard Version [Translated soul for the fourth time in the King James Version and first time in the New King James Version].

[21] Genesis 23:8 "If it be your mind [soul - nehphesh]" King James Version

[22] Genesis 27:4 "So that I may bless you before I [soul - nehphesh] die" New Revised Standard Version. UP TO GENESIS 27:4 NEHPHESH IS TRANSLATED SOUL:

á          ONLY FOUR TIMES OUT OF TWENTY-TWO IN THE KING JAMES VERSION

á          ONLY ONE TIME OUT OF TWENTY-TWO IN THE NEW KING JAMES VERSION

á          NONE IN MANY OTHERS TRANSLATIONS

á          "So that I [nehphesh] may bless you before I die" Revised Standard Version, New Revised Standard Version

á          "So that I [nehphesh] may give you my blessing before I die" New International Version

á          "So that I [nehphesh] may give you my blessing before I die" Revised English Bible

á          "To give you my [nehphesh] blessing before I die" Amplified Bible

á          "That I [nehphesh] may give you my special blessing before I die" New American Bible

á          "Then I [nehphesh] will bless you before I die" New Century Version

á          "Then I [nehphesh] will pronounce the blessing that belongs to you, my firstborn son, before I die" New Living Translation

á          "I [nehphesh] want to eat it once more and give you by blessing before I die" Contemporary English Version

á          "That I [nehphesh] may eat of it, [preparatory] to giving you [as my first-born] my blessing before I die" Amplified Bible

á          "That my soul [nehphesh] may bless thee before I die" King James Version. How would Isaac's son know if he were blessed by an "immaterial invisible" no substance part of a person that he could not see? By this time, hundreds of years after Genesis 1:1, the King James translators must have been desperate to be able to put "soul" into the Bible.

     Nehphesh has been used 21 times before the New King James Version used "soul" for the first time, but even then the translators of many versions have chosen not to translate it "soul." IN GENESIS "NEHPHESH" IS NOT AN IMMORTAL "IMMATERIAL, INVISIBLE PART OF MAN," BUT IT IS THE LIFE, LIVING CREATURE, LIVING BEING, ANY LIVING THING, WHETHER ANIMALS, FISH, OR MAN. IF THE TRANSLATORS HAD CONTINUED TO TRANSLATE NEHPHESH AS LIFE, LIVING CREATURE, LIVING BEING, OR PERSON, AS THEY DID IN THE FIRST TWENTY-ONE TIMES IT IS USED, THERE MAY NOT BE THE DIVISIONS THERE ARE TODAY. WHY DID THEY NOT TRANSLATE NEHPHESH INTO SOUL IN THE FIRST PART OF THE BIBLE? MAYBE BECAUSE THEY THOUGHT IT WOULD HAVE MADE ANIMALS HAVE SOULS, AND THEY DID NOT BELIEVE ANIMALS COULD HAVE SOULS. I find it difficult to see how anyone could not call their honesty into question for it is undeniable that they put their belief over the word of God and deliberately hid the truth from their readers; deliberately hid the truth from you.

[23] Genesis 32:30 "My life [soul - nehphesh] is preserved" King James Version. Most translations use "life" in this passage for their soul could not perish and would not need to be preserved

[24] Genesis 34:3

[25] Genesis 34:8

[26] Genesis 35:18

[27] Genesis 36:6 "All the persons [nehphesh] of his house" King James Version

[28] Genesis 37:21 "Let us not kill him [nehphesh]" King James Version

[29] Job 12:10 "In whose hand is the soul [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals] of every living thing, and the breath of all mankind." "The life of every living thing" New American Standard Bible

[30] Job 41:21 "His breath [soul - nehphesh, used referring to an animal, possibly a crocodile]"

[31] Isaiah 19:10 "All that make sluices and ponds for fish [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals, fish]" King James Version

[32] Jeremiah 2:24 "A wild ass used to the wilderness, that snuffed up the wind in her [soul - nehphesh, used referring to an animal] desire"

[33] Numbers 31:28 "And levy a tribute unto the Lord of the men of war which went out to battle: one soul [nehphesh-used referring to man and animals] of five hundred, both of the persons, and of the beeves, and of the asses and of the sheep." Of about 870 times ÒnepheshÓ is in the Old Testament this and Job 12:10 are the only passages where the King James translators translated ÒnepheshÓ as ÒsoulÓ when it has reference to animals and the only reason they did this time is that it has equal reference to people as it does to animals and they had no choice.

"So carefully has the translation of nehphesh been guarded in relation to animals as 'souls,' that we can't help but wonder if it were not done intentionally to conceal the fact that animals are souls as well as men." David J. Heinizman, "Man Became A Living Soul"

[34 to 870] It would be too long to quote all the 870 times the Hebrew word nehphesh is in the Old Testament with just over one-half being translated "soul" in King James Version [Wigram, Page 829, Old Testament].

  1. SOUL About 473 times. Not once do any of them imply anything about life beyond the grave or about the soul being immortal
  2. LIFE About 122 times
  3. PERSON About 26 times
  4. MIND About 15 times
  5. HEART About 15 times
  6. PERSONAL PRONOUNS 44 + times [yourselves, themselves, her, me, he, his, himself]
  7. ALL OTHERS about 200 times [man, creature, living being, own, any, living thing, lives, the dead, dead body, kills, slays, slay him, mortally, discontented, ghost, breath, will, appetite, hearty desire, desire, pleasure, lust, deadly, fish]. All 870 times it is associated with the activity of a living being, including dying, and it never implies anything about life after the death of the living being. None of them are an immortal inter part of a person. They are a living being that can die, be killed, or be dead. Nehphesh is always associated with the activity of earthly breathing beings, both of person(s) and animal(s). It never implies anything about life beyond the grave. IT IS NEVER TRANSLATED "SPIRIT."

     Can one word be rightly translated this way? Can a word that is not a pronoun be rightly translated into a pronoun as it is in the King James Version? How could the translators know when to change the noun into a pronoun? NO ONE READING SOME OF THE ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF THE BIBLE WOULD HAVE ANY WAY OF KNOWING THAT ALL THESE WORDS ARE TRANSLATIONS (OR MISTRANSLATIONS) OF ONLY ONE WORD. Did the translators do so because they wanted to make a person be an "immortal being," and more than a "living creatures?" In almost one half of the times nehphesh is used in the Old Testament, even the King James translators could not translate it "soul." When the all-knowing God used just one word, why did the translators use many words and change it as they wished to from a noun to a pronoun? Did they think that for all the years from Adam unto Christ, God thought people could understand just one word; but now about forty words are needed to translate one word? If one word were all that was needed from Adam to the King James Version, why would God's one word not be enough today? Do the translators think they have improved the Hebrew Old Testament? The use of many words came when the Catholic Church brought in unconditional immortality, and they had to get it into the Bible. The Hebrew manuscripts still have just one word - nehphesh, which was the one word God inspired. Were the translators inspired to change it to many words?

     Nehphesh is translated soul far fewer times in the New American Standard Version and in most other translations, including the New King James Version, than it is in the King James Version. Were they going as far as they dared to in correcting the King James Version?

     The way soul is understood and used today in English (an inter undying PART of a person) makes putting the word soul in a translation for the English people today be a false and deliberately misleading translation; for it makes it where today's English reader cannot know what God said, and will understand only what the prejudiced outlook the translators wanted their readers to understand WHEN THE WORD SOUL IS UNDERSTOOD AS IT IS USED TODAY. Without much study of Bible words, which most Bible reader will never do, they cannot know what God said to them when they read the word soul and will think that the outlook of the translator is the word of God, which seems to be somewhat prejudice. God's word has been deliberately replaced with the teaching of man [Matthew 15:9] in a way that will have more influence on our conception of what our nature is and the nature of all living beings than any other question.

 

THE ÒSOULÓ AND ÒEATING OF BLOODÓ

    Is the immortal "soul" [nehphesh] in the blood? Is a part of a person that many say it lives after the death of the body in the blood of both men and animals? [Leviticus 17:10-15] In only six verses nehphesh is used ten times.

     "I will even set my face against that SOUL [person - nehphesh, used referring to man] that eats blood, and will cut him off from among his people. For the LIFE [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals] of the flesh is in the blood: and I have given it to you upon the altar to make an atonement for your SOULS: [nehphesh, used referring to man] for it is the blood that makes an atonement for the SOUL [nehphesh, used referring to man]. Therefore I said unto the children of Israel, No SOUL [nehphesh, used referring to man] of you shall eat blood...For it is the LIFE [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals] of all flesh; the blood of it is for the LIFE [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals] thereof; therefore I said unto the children of Israel, No SOUL [nehphesh, used referring to man] shall eat the blood of no manner of flesh: for the LIFE [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals] of all flesh is the blood thereof: whosoever eats it shall be cut off. And every SOUL [nehphesh, used referring to man] that eats that which died of itself...he shall wash his clothes, and bath himself in water" In this passage, the King James Version translated the same word "soul" six times when it used referring to man and "life" four times when it used referring too animals. Can anyone not see how the translators picked when they wanted "nehphesh" to be "soul" and when they wanted "nehphesh" to be "life"? They could not let an immortal soul be in the blood nor could they let animals have an immortal soul. Their theology said a man had to have a soul, but an animal could not, and they were not willing that their reader see that the word "nehphesh" is used referring to both, and that both do not have a soul but are a soul.

The vanishing use of soul in Leviticus 17:10-15

     Leviticus 17:10-15 New Revised Standard Version, "If anyone of the house of Israel or of the aliens who reside among them eats any blood, I will set my face against that PERSON [nehphesh] who eats blood, and will cut that PERSON [nehphesh] off from the people. For the LIFE [nehphesh] of the flesh is in the blood; and I have given it to you for making atonement for your LIVES [nehphesh] on the altar, for, as LIFE, [nehphesh] it is the blood that makes atonement. Therefore I have said to the people of Israel: No PERSON [nehphesh] among you shall eat blood...For the LIFE [nehphesh] of every creature-its blood is its LIFE; [nehphesh] therefore I have said to the people of Israel: You shall not eat the blood of any creature, for the LIFE [nehphesh] of every creature is its blood; whoever eats it shall be cut off. All PERSONS, [nehphesh] citizens or aliens, who eat what dies of itself...shall wash their clothes, and bathe themselves in water"

     Leviticus 17:10-15 New International Version, "Any Israelite or any alien living among them who eats any blood-I will set my face against that PERSON [nehphesh] who eats blood and will cut HIM [nehphesh] off from his people. For the LIFE [nehphesh] of a creature is in the blood, and I have given it to you to make atonement for YOURSELVES [nehphesh] on the altar; it is the blood that makes atonements for one's LIFE [nehphesh]. Therefore I say to the Israelites, 'None of YOU [nehphesh] may eat blood, nor may an alien living among you eat blood'...because the LIFE [nehphesh] of every creature is its blood. That is why I have said to the Israelites, You must not eat the blood of any creature, because the LIFE [nehphesh] of every creature is its blood; anyone who eats it must be cut off. ANYONE [nehphesh], whether native-born or alien, who eats anything found dead or torn by wild animals must wash his clothes and bathe with water'."

     MAN "BECAME A LIVING BEING" Genesis 1:26 "Then God said, 'Let Us make MAN in Our image,'" not "Let Us make the soul of man in Our Image" Genesis 2:7. "Then the Lord formed MAN of dust from the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; [not breathed into the body an immortal undying no substance soul, but the breath of life, which both men and animals have], and MAN became a living being." Not a body + an immortal soul, but "a living being." Not two beings, a body being with an inter soul being living in it.

     The body of dust + the breath of life = a living soul [a living being - nehphesh], Genesis 2:7. The breath of life without the body would not be a person or animal. It would not be a living being, not a nehphesh. ALL living creatures, whether they are animals or sea-dwelling creatures, are souls [nehpheshs – living beings].

     MAN, not merely a body, is formed from the dust of the ground. MAN is in the image of God, not just an inter part of a person which has no substance that is in the image of God. Adam might have loss possible immorality when he loss the tree of life, but this was not a loss of being made in the image of God; after Adam was put out of the garden he was still in the image of God, mankind is still in the image of God.

     The Bible says, "Man BECAME a living soul" is changed to, "Man WAS GIVEN a soul" or ÒMan has a soul put in him.Ó There is a world of difference in a person BEING a living soul and a person HAVING a soul. Both man and animals are a living soul. If the breath of life in his nostrils in Genesis 2:7 makes a person have an immortal part (spirit) living in him or her that cannot die, then "all in whose nostrils was the breath of the spirit of life" in Genesis 7:22 proves all beasts, birds, and fish have an immortal part (soul) living in them that cannot die; yet they all died, both man and animals that had "the breath of the spirit of life" died.

 

ANIMALS ARE "SOULS" nehphesh - living creature

     Animals ARE souls, not animals HAVE souls. In Genesis 1:20; 1:21; 1:24; 1:30, most translations try to hide this. WHY? Why is it "living creature" when used referring to animals and "soul" when used referring to a person? There is no excuse or defense for it. It is a deliberate attempt by the translators, who did not believe God's word as it is, to mislead; all Bible teachers should point this out to all they teach [James 3:1]. If "the living soul" [nehphesh] is the immortal part of a person, then bugs, all sea creatures, all birds, and all animals have an immortal soul. "Living soul" is used more of these creatures than it is of man.

Passages in which soul [nehphesh] is speaking of animals being souls

  1. Genesis 1:20 "Then God said, Let the waters swarm with swarms of living souls [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals]"
  2. Genesis 1:21 "And God created the great sea-monsters, and every living soul [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals] that moves wherewith the waters swarmed."
  3. Genesis 1:24 "And God said, Let the earth bring forth living souls [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals] after their kind, cattle, and creeping things, and beasts of the earth after their kind"
  4. "And with ever living creature [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals] that is with you, of the fowl, of the cattle, and of every beast of the earth with you" [Genesis 9:10]. Also Genesis 9:12, 9:15 and 9:16
  5. "One soul [nehphesh life, used referring to man and animals] of five hundred, of the persons and of the beeves, and of the asses, and of the sheep" [Numbers 31:28]
  6. The "leviathan," [Job 41:1] used six times in the Bible, probably a crocodile, has a soul [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals] [Job 41:21]. From over 870 times nehphesh is used, this is the only time it is translated breath in the Kings James Version. After all, they could not have a crocodile, a sea monster, or whatever it was having an "immortal soul" for then they would have to put it in Heaven or Hell for an immortal crocodile could never die and would have to be somewhere for all eternity.
  7. "SOUL" [nehphesh] OF MAN AND ANIMALS IS IN THE BLOOD "For the life [soul - nehphesh, used referring to man and to animals] of the flesh is in the blood" Leviticus 17:11. "For the life [soul - nehphesh, used referring to man and to animals] of every creature is the blood of it" Leviticus 17:14, Genesis 9:4
  8. "In whose hand is the life [soul - nehphesh, used referring to man and to animals] of every living thing, and the breath of all mankind?" [Job 12:10].
  9. "A righteous man has regard for the life [soul - nehphesh, used referring to animals] of his beast" [Proverbs 12:10].
  10. Genesis 2:19, 9:15-16 and many more.

     "The living soul" in Genesis 2:7 is the one distinctive thing, for many that makes a person different from an animal. If a person has an immortal soul, there is no way around all living things having immortal souls. NOTHING IS SAID IN THESE PASSAGES ABOUT BUGS, BIRDS, FISH OR A PERSON BEING ANYTHING MORE THAN "LIVING BEINGS."

     "The last two lines of verse 7 affirm that a person's life is God-given. God enables a person to breathe, and thus, to be alive, as he does other creatures (see Genesis 7:22). Some have tried to justify a threefold division of man into flesh (or body), soul, and spirit from Genesis 2:7. They equate dust with flesh or body, breath with spirit, and insist that the last phrase of the verse must be translated as 'a living soul.' However, this understanding reads more into the biblical text than it really says. (1) The Hebrew words for 'flesh' or 'body' and 'spirit' do not occur in this passage. (2) The Hebrew expression nehphesh chayyah, which some insist on translating 'a living soul,' is used of fish and marine life in Genesis 1:30; and beasts and birds in 2:19. If 'soul' means the eternal part of a person or the sum total of man's 'body' and 'spirit' in Genesis 2:7, it must mean the eternal part of a fish or the sum total of a fish's 'body' and 'spirit' in Genesis 1:20, 21; etc. (3) The flow of the context in Genesis 2:7 indicates that the word translated being in RSV (nehphesh) means the whole person. The author's emphasis is on the gift of life" John T, Willis, "The Living Word Commentary On the Old Testament - Genesis" Page 103-104, Sweet Publishing Company, 1979.

     "Far from referring simply to one aspect of a person, 'soul' refers to the whole person" Eerdman Dictionary of the Bible, Page 1245.

     "A human being is a totality of being, not a combination of various parts and impulses. According to the Old Testament understanding, a person is not a body, which happens to possess a soul. Instead, a person is a living soul...Because of God's breath of life; the man became 'a living being' (Gen. 2:7). A person thus is a complete totality, made up of human flesh, spirit (best understood as "the life-force'), and nephesh (best understood as "the total self' but often translated as 'soul')" Holman Bible Dictionary, Page 61.

     "There is not dualism in the sense of separation, as though there could be full man either as body alone or as soul alone...together they make up the one man" International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Volume 1, Page 134.

     "A consideration of EVERY passage in which these terms are used leads us to the consideration that the term 'soul' is a term that was applied in the Bible to every being that normally has sensory capacities (life), whether or not they have that capacity when the term is used referring to them. For example, one might see a body of a dead person and say, 'That poor soul is dead.' The Bible uses the term that way, even as we do, and it has nothing at all to do with the immorality or mortality of the soul. It simply means that the PERSON (the one who HAD life-soul-sensory capacity) is dead." T. Pierce Brown, "Soul and Spirit" Gospel Advocate, June 14, 1979.

[1] Nehphesh (soul): When nehphesh is used referring only to animals is translated nine different ways in the King James Version.

  1. Creature [soul - nehphesh] Genesis 1:21; 1:24; 2:19; 9:10; 2:12; Leviticus 11:46
  2. Thing [soul - nehphesh] Leviticus 11:10. Ezekiel 47:9
  3. Life [soul - nehphesh] Genesis 1:20; 1:30; Leviticus 17:10-14 - 2 times
  4. The life [soul - nehphesh] Genesis 9:4; Deuteronomy 12:23; Proverbs 12:10
  5. Beast [soul - nehphesh] Leviticus 24:18
  6. The soul [soul - nehphesh] Job 12:10
  7. Breath [soul - nehphesh] Job 41:21
  8. Fish [soul - nehphesh] Isaiah 19:10
  9. Her [soul - nehphesh] Jeremiah 2:24

[2] Nehphesh (soul): When it is used referring to BOTH Animals and Man is translated in three different ways.

1.       Creature [soul - nehphesh] Genesis 9:15; 9:16

2.       The life [soul - nehphesh] Leviticus 17:11; 17:14

3.       Soul [soul - nehphesh] Numbers 31:28

[3] Nehphesh (soul): When it has the animal appetites and desires of Man is translated in five different ways. [1] Soul, [2] pleasure, [3] lust, [4] appetite, [5] and greedy

1. Translated Soul (Nehphesh) 13 things the "soul" (person) does

o     The soul dried away Numbers 11:6

o     The soul lusts Deuteronomy 12:15; 12:21; 14:26

o     The soul longs to eat flesh Deuteronomy 12:20

o     The soul lusts after Deuteronomy 12:20

o     The soul desires Deuteronomy 14:26; 1 Samuel 2:16

o     The soul loathes Deuteronomy 21:5

o     The soul refused Job 6:7

o     The soul abhorred Job 33:20; Psalms 107:18

o     The soul hunger Proverbs 6:30

o     The soul satisfying Proverbs 13:25

o     The soul empty Isaiah 29:8

o     The soul has appetite Isaiah 29:8

o     The soul desired figs Micah 7:1

2. Translated pleasure [soul - nehphesh] Deuteronomy 23:24

3. Translated lust [soul - nehphesh] Psalms 78:18

4. Translated appetite [soul - nehphesh] Proverbs 23:2. Ecclesiastes 6:7

5. Translated greedy [soul - nehphesh] Isaiah 56:11

 

THE SOUL [PERSON] CAN BE HUNGRY,

HAVE AN APPETITE, BE THIRSTY, EAT MEAT

     "Men do not despise a thief if he steals to satisfy himself [soul - nehphesh] when he is hungry" [Proverbs 6:30].

     "I will set my face against that soul [soul - nehphesh] that eats blood, and will cut him off from among his people" [Leviticus 17:10].

     "And you shall say, I will eat flesh, because your soul [soul - nehphesh] desires to eat flesh; you may eat flesh, after all the desire of your soul [soul - nehphesh]" [Deuteronomy 12:20].

     "And it shall be as when a hungry man dreams and, behold, he eats; but he awakes, and his soul [soul - nehphesh] is empty; or as when a thirsty man dreams, and behold, he drinks; but he awakes, and, behold, he is faint, and his soul [soul - nehphesh] has appetite" [Isaiah 29:8].

 

IF A SOUL CAN DIE

IT CANNOT BE IMMORTAL

     CAN WHATEVER IS INTENDED BY THE HEBREW WORD "NEHPHESH" DIE? THE BIBLE SAYS OVER 320 TIMES THAT THE NEHPHESH [soul]:

1.       CAN DIE

2.       CAN BE KILLED BY MAN

3.       OR THAT IT IS ALREADY DEAD.

If it can, then whatever "nehphesh" is translated into IS something that can die. If the many words that "nehphesh" is translated into is something that can die, then the soul cannot be immortal and it can die. To say that "nehphesh" [soul] is immortal and cannot die makes the Bible be wrong repeatedly. If the soul [nehphesh] is immortal and cannot die, the writers of the Bible did not know it.

(1). Souls [nehpheshs] can die Numbers 23:10, Ezekiel 18:4, 20, Joshua 11:11. "They smote all the souls" [nehphesh]. An immortal soul can die? Not only does the Bible not say the soul is immortal, it denies it by saying often that the soul can die or be killed or is dead.

(2). Souls [nehpheshs] can be murdered. Deuteronomy 12:23; Numbers 35:11-15. "Kills any person" [soul - nehphesh] Numbers 35:11, 15, 30, 31. Kills any immortal soul?

(3). Souls [nehpheshs] can be killed Leviticus 24:17, Numbers 35:11. An immortal soul can be killed?

(4). Souls [nehpheshs] can be smote with the sword and utterly destroyed Joshua 11:11

(5). Souls [nehpheshs] can be slain. An immortal soul can be slain? Deuteronomy 27:25

(6). Souls [nehpheshs] can be destroyed. An immortal soul can be destroyed? Leviticus 23:30

(7). Souls [nehpheshs] can be taken away 1 Kings 19:4

(8). Souls [nehpheshs] can be sought to kill it Jeremiah 44:30

(9). Souls [nehpheshs] cannot be kept alive. An immortal soul that cannot die but it cannot be kept alive? Psalms 22:29

(10). Souls [nehpheshs] have blood and can bleed. "The blood of the souls of the poor" Jeremiah 2:34

(11). "Let us not take his life [soul - nehphesh]" Genesis 37:21

(12). "Life [soul - nehphesh] for life [soul - nehphesh] Immortal soul for immortal soul?" Exodus 21:23

(13). "Any dead body [soul - nehphesh]" Leviticus 21:11

(14). "That person [soul - nehphesh] will I destroy" Leviticus 23:30

(15). "And if a man takes the life [soul - nehphesh] of any human being" Leviticus 24:17. Does anyone believe a person can take the "soul" of any human being?

(16). "And he that smites any man mortally shall be put to death. And he that smites a beast mortally shall make it good, life [soul - nehphesh] for life [soul - nehphesh] [soul for soul?]" Leviticus 24:18

(17). "Because of a dead person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 5:2

(18). "He shall not go near to a dead person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 6:6

(19). "Because of a dead person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 6:11

(20). "Unclean because of the dead person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 9:6, 7

(21). "Because of a dead person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 9:10

(22). "The one who touches the corpse of any person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 19:11

(23). "Anyone who touches a corpse, the body [soul - nehphesh] of a man who has died" Numbers 19:13. How could anyone touch the corpse of something that has no substance and cannot die?

(24). "Whosoever has killed any person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 31:19

(25). "The manslayer who has killed any person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 35:11

(26). "Anyone who kills a person [soul - nehphesh] unintentionally may flee there" Numbers 35:15

(27). "If anyone kills a person [soul - nehphesh]" Numbers 35:30

(28). "And take his life [soul - nehphesh]" Deuteronomy 19:6

(29). "And strikes him so that he [soul - nehphesh] dies" Deuteronomy 19:11

(30). "Life [soul - nehphesh] for life [soul - nehphesh], eye for eye, tooth for tooth" Deuteronomy 19:21

(31). "A man rises against his neighbor and murders him [soul - nehphesh]" Deuteronomy 22:26

(32). "Cursed be he who takes a bride to slay an innocent person [soul - nehphesh]" Deuteronomy 27:25

(33). "And deliver our lives [souls - nehpheshs] from death" Joshua 2:13

(34). "Our life [soul - nehphesh] for yours" Joshua 2:13

(35). "And they smote all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein with the edge of the sword, utterly destroying them; there were none left that breathed" Joshua 11:11

(36). "He utterly destroyed them and all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein; he left none remaining" Joshua 10:28

(37). "And he smote it with the edge of the sword, and all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein; he left none remaining in it" Joshua 10:30

(38). "And all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein" Joshua 10:32

(39). "And all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein he utterly destroyed that day" Joshua 10:35

(40). "But he utterly destroyed it, and all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein" Joshua 10:37.

(41). "And he captured it and its king and all its cities, and they smote them with the edge of the sword, and utterly destroyed all the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that were therein" Joshua 10:39. Can immortal souls be utterly destroyed with the sword?

(42). "Who kills any person [soul - nehphesh]" Joshua 20:9

(43). "That kills any person [soul - nehphesh]" Joshua 20:3

(44). "That his soul [soul - nehphesh] was vexed to death" Judges 16:16 "annoyed to death" New American Standard Version. We say, "He worried me to dead"

(45). "Let me [soul - nehphesh] die" Judges 16:30. "Let my soul that cannot die, die anyway?"

(46). "And you lose your life [soul - nehphesh], with the lives [souls - nehphesh] of your household" Judges 18:25

(47). "If you do not save your life [soul - nehphesh] tonight" 1 Samuel 19:11

(48). "The death of all the persons [souls - nehpheshs] of your father's house" 1 Samuel 22:22

(49). "He that seeks my life [soul - nehphesh] seeks your life [soul - nehphesh]" 1 Samuel 22:23

(50). "He is seeking my life [soul - nehphesh]" 1 Samuel 20:1

(51). "And David saw that Saul was come out to seek his life [soul - nehphesh]" 1 Samuel 23:15

(52). "You are lying in wait for my soul [soul - nehphesh] to take it" 1 Samuel 24:11

(53). "To pursue you and to seek your soul [soul - nehphesh1 Samuel 25:29 also 2 Samuel 4:8, 16:11, 1 Kings 19:10, 14, Psalm 35:4, 38:12, 35:13, 40:14, 40:15, Jeremiah 40:14, 40:15

(54). "Deliver him that smote his brother, that we may kill him for the life [soul - nehphesh] of his brother whom he slew" 2 Samuel 14:7

(55). "Who today have saved your life [soul - nehphesh] and the lives [souls - nehpheshs] of your sons and daughter, the lives [soul - nehphesh] of your wives, and the lives [souls - nehpheshs] of your concubines" 2 Samuel 19:5

(56). "Have you asked for the life [soul - nehphesh] of your enemies" 1 Kings 3:11

(57). "Prolong my life [soul - nehphesh]" Job 6:11. Prolong the life of an immortal soul?

(58). "For himself that he might die, and said, It is enough; now, O Lord, take my life [soul - nehphesh]" 1 Kings 19:4

(59). "A man that is laden with the blood of any person [soul - nehphesh] shall flee unto the pit; let no man stay him" Proverbs 28:17

(60). "The blood of the souls [souls - nehpheshs] of the innocent poor" Jeremiah 2:34. An immaterial, invisible, part of a person that has no substance had blood!

(61). "Ammon has sent Ishmael the son of Nethaniah to take your life [soul - nehphesh]...wherefore should he take your life [soul - nehphesh]" Jeremiah 40:14-15

(62). "To slay the souls [souls - nehpheshs] that should not die and to save the souls [souls - nehpheshs] alive that should not live" Ezekiel 13:19

(63). "The soul [soul - nehphesh] who sins will die" Ezekiel 18:4

(64). Ezekiel 18:20

  1. "The soul [nehphesh] that sins, it shall die" King James Version
  2. "The person [soul - nehphesh] who sins shall die" New Revised Standard Version
  3. "The person [soul - nehphesh] who sins will die" New American Standard Version, New Revised English Bible
  4. ÒIt is the person [soul - nehphesh] who sins that will dieÓ The Revised English Bible
  5. "The person [soul - nehphesh] who sins is the one who will die" New Century Version, Holman Christian Standard Bible
  6. ÒIt is for a manÕs [soul - nehphesh] own sins that he will dieÓ The Living Bible
  7. ÒThe person [soul - nehphesh] who sins will be the one who diesÓ New Living Translation
  8. ÒOnly those [soul - nehphesh] who sin will be put to deathÓ Contemporary English Version
  9. ÒOnly the one [soul - nehphesh] who sins shall dieÓ The New American Bible (Catholic), Today's New International Version
  10. ÒThe person [soul - nehphesh] who sins will dieÓ God Word Translation
  11. ÒPeople [soul - nehphesh] will die because of their own sinsÓ New International Reader's Version

     This is a person dying [being put to death] for a sin under the Old Testament law, but is almost always used referring to a part of a person that cannot die by those who believe a soul cannot die. WHEN THEY MISAPPLY THIS TO SOME INTER PART OF A PERSON, AND THEY DO, THEY HAVE AN UNDENIABLE STATEMENT THAT THEIR IMMORTAL INTER PART OF A PERSON WILL DIE IF IT SINS; AND THAT THE SOUL WILL NOT HAVE EVERLASTING LIFE WITH TORMENT. This is definitely not what they wanted, but what they made in their attempt to make the soul immortal. If "soul" means "an immortal inter part of a person that cannot die," then James says, "Shall save an immortal inter part of man, which cannot die, from death" James 5:20. This theology makes nonsense of the Bible.

(65). "By shedding blood and destroying lives [souls - nehpheshs]" Ezekiel 22:27

(66). "Like a roaring lion ravening the prey: they have devoured souls [souls - nehpheshs]" Ezekiel 22:25

(67). "He did not spare their soul [nehphesh] from death, but gave over their life to the plague, and smote all the firstborn in Egypt" [Psalm 78:50]

(68). OVER 320 (over one third) OF THE ABOUT 870 TIMES THAT SOUL [NEHPHESH] IS USED, THE SOUL IS DEAD, CAN DIE, CAN BE KILLED, BE SOUGHT TO BE KILLED BE AFFECTED, BE SMOTE, BE CUT OFF, BE MURDERED, BE DELIVERED FROM DEATH. IN MOST OF THESE PASSAGES THE TRANSLATORS OF THE KING JAMES AND OTHER TRANSLATIONS HAVE HIDDEN FROM THE READERS THAT THE VERY THING THEY BELIEVE TO BE IMMORTAL AND CANNOT DIE DOES DIE BY TRANSLATING "NEHPHEST" INTO "LIFE," "PERSON" AND MANY OTHER WORDS, but even in the King James Version there are many passages which say souls [nehpheshs] can and do die. Some more of the many passages: "We feared greatly for our soul [nehphesh] because of you" [Joshua 9:24]. "All the men who were seeking your soul [nehphesh] are dead" [Exodus 4:19]. They had to flee to save their souls [nehphesh] [2 King 7:7], or their souls [nehphesh] would be utterly destroyed "with the edge of the sword" or other weapons [Joshua 10:27; 10:30; 10:32; 10:35, 10:37; 10:39]. Not only could their souls [nehphesh] be killed by their enemies, but their souls [nehphesh] could also die for lack of food [Lamentations 1:11; Numbers 11:6]. Also, Genesis 9:4; 9:5; 12:13; 17:14; 19:17; 19:19; 19:20; 32:30; 32:31; 35:18; 37:21; Exodus 21:23; 30:12; 30:15; 31:14; Leviticus 7:18; 7:20; 7:21 7:27; 17:11; 17:12; 17:14; 19:8; 21:1; 21:11; 22:3; 24:17; 24:18; Numbers 5:2; 6:6; 9:6; 9:7; 9:10; 9:18; 19:11; 19:13; 19:20; 23:10; 31:19; 35:11; 35:15; 35:30; 35:31; Deuteronomy 12:23; Joshua 2:13; 11:11; 20:3; 20:9; Judges 5:28; 12:3; 16:16; 18:25; Ruth; 4:15; 1 Samuel 1:19; 1: 20; 1:23; 23:15; 23:20; 25:29; 28:9; 28:21; 2 Samuel 4:8; 14:7; 16:11; 19:5; 19:6; 1 Kings 1:12; 1:29; 3:11; 17:21; 17:22; 19:10; 19:14; 20:32; 2 Kings 1:13; 19:24; 1 Chronicles 11:19; 2 Chronicles 11:11; Esther 7:7; Job 13:14; 30:16; 33:18; 33:22; 36:14; Psalms 7:2; 17:13; 22:20; 22:21; 22:29: 22:30; 31:13; 33:19; 35:4; 35:17; 38:12; 38:13; 70:2; 70:3; 71:10; Proverbs 1:19; 7:23; 12:10; 13:3; 23:14; Isaiah 10:18; 43:4; Jeremiah 2:34; 4:30; 34:20-21; 38:2; 38:16; 39:18; 40:15; 44:30; 45:5; 49:37; Ezekiel 17:17; 18:4; 18:20; 18:27; 22:25; 22:27; Jonah 4:3; 4:6. The "nehphesh [soul]" of the Old Testament is an earthly being, man, animal, or sea creature, living or dead. It can die, it can be dead, be killed, be sought to kill, be smote, die from a lack of food or water, be cut off, be murdered, be delivered from death, be born, live, sorrow, eat, drink water, desire, be discontented, be grieved, be bound with a bond, be affected, loathes, lust, have anguish, etc. Not one of the about 870 times that nehphesh is used does it have reference to an invisible, immaterial part of a person that has no substance and cannot die.

     Summary: NEHPHESH IN THE OLD TESTAMENT AND PSUKEE IN THE NEW TESTAMENT ARE TOGETHER USED ABOUT 967 TIMES WITH OVER ONE-THIRD BING ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEATH OF THE SOUL (PERSON). Some [nehpheshs - souls] are dead. Some are dying. Some are in fear of death. Some have those who are trying to kill them. Some are saved from death, etc. ON THE OTHER HAND, IN THE 976 TIMES SOUL IS USED, NOT ONE TIME IS THE SOUL SAID TO BE DEATHLESS OR IMMORTAL.

     This clearly shows that the meaning of the Hebrew word nehphesh is something that is not immortal and that it can die or that it already is dead. There is no other word in the Bible which could be translated into Plato's immortal soul; therefore, the translators had to use this one and hide, the best they could, the fact that nehphesh can and does die.

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